History: Home

Multidisciplinary Databases 

History Subject Databases 

Online Reference Materials

Print Reference Materials (Located near the front desk)

Primary sources are contemporary accounts of an event, written by someone who experienced or witnessed the event in question. These original documents (i.e., they are not about another document or account) are often diaries, letters, memoirs, journals, speeches, manuscripts, interviews and other such unpublished works. They may also include published pieces such as newspaper or magazine articles (as long as they are written soon after the fact and not as historical accounts), photographs, audio or video recordings, research reports in the natural or social sciences, or original literary or theatrical works.

Primary:  First-hand account of an event, an original work

• Autobiographies, letters, e-mails, diaries, speeches, interviews
• Documents, laws, treaties
• Raw data that has been collected
• Works of literature, art, music
• Newspaper accounts of events, by someone on the scene

Secondary: A summary, interpretation, or analysis of something else

• Articles, books, biographies which summarize, interpret the original statements, documents
• Textbooks
• Analysis of statistics
• Criticism — of literature, art, music
• Secondary accounts of events by those who compile and synthesize the original accounts

Tertiary: Usually a combination or collection of primary and secondary sources

• Encyclopedias
• Dictionaries
• Indexes
• Handbooks, guidebooks, manuals

Selected Online Primary Sources 

Open access internet resources, many with full-text. 

Print Chicago Manual of Style and Turabian guides available in the library

Style guides